A driving ‘thirst’ that reaches out toward experiences, identities, or outcomes as the place to find satisfaction—“if only I had that.” It spins stories of lack, binds the mind to becoming, and invariably leads to suffering.

A rejecting mental quality rooted in perception, where one instinctively turns away from or resists unpleasant experiences or objects; it manifests as a tendency to push away discomfort, obstructing patience and acceptance.

Misapplied energy directed toward goals rooted in craving, aversion, or delusion. It manifests as striving for sensual pleasure, gain, fame, or domination, exhausting the mind and feeding defilements.

A scattered, unfocused state of mind where attention flits from object to object without settling. A distracted mind lacks the composure needed for clear seeing and is easily pulled by whatever arises.

A concentration that steadies the mind upon unwholesome aims—power, sensual pleasure, or self-exaltation. Though appearing calm, it is unpurified by right view or intention. Such collectedness deepens delusion instead of insight.

Forgetful, scattered awareness where mindfulness is absent or lost. The mind drifts through distraction or dullness, unable to stay with its object or purpose.

Remembering to be present with continuous effort, observing the body, feelings, mind, and mental qualities in and of themselves.